While there's little that can be done for dry macular degeneration, the disease progresses very slowly, and will probably never completely black out the central vision. Many people with this condition live full lives without serious disability.
Some studies have suggested a link between poor nutrition and faster degeneration of the macula. According to this evidence, fruit and dark green vegetables like spinach can slow the disease and contribute to better outcomes. For some people, a doctor will recommend a daily supplement that contains zinc, copper, vitamin C, vitamin E, lutein and zeaxanthin, which may help reduce the risk of the advanced disease and delay vision loss. Talk to your doctor or pharmacist about which supplement is right for you.
There is no cure for wet macular degeneration, but treatment may help to slow it down. Medications injected into the eye, such as aflibercept*, bevacizumab, ranibizumab or brolucizumab may be used to slow down the growth of blood vessels. Daily supplements may also be recommended.
Laser surgery can be used to prevent growth of abnormal blood vessels that leak into the retina, but this surgery is rarely done. Photodynamic therapy may also be used. This involves injecting a medication called verteporfin into a vein. Then, a light is used to activate the medication to close abnormal blood vessels. It's been shown that bright sunlight may speed up the progress of macular degeneration. Those with the condition should consider wearing UV-protective sunglasses when they are outdoors during daytime hours.
People who have lost their vision may need magnifiers, strong reading glasses, and other devices to help them manage.
To help reduce your chances of getting macular degeneration:
- don't smoke
- exercise
- eat a healthy diet rich in leafy greens
- maintain a healthy weight
- wear sunglasses with UV protection during the day
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